Integrality, absenteeism and resolubility of specialized care for pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study.

Dental Specialties Centers (CEOs) are clinics representing part of the secondary oral health care system of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Pediatric dentistry is not a requirement for service accreditation. However, the CEO of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (CEO-UFRGS) has provided dental care for children aged 3-11 years since 2017. The utilization rates of health services are influenced by absenteeism. Therefore, evaluation of absences for dental appointments is of primary importance. This study aimed to evaluate referral characteristics, absenteeism, and resolubility of pediatric dentistry appointments at the CEO-UFRGS. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the university and analyzed secondary data from referrals and medical records. From August 2017 to December 2019, 167 referrals and 96 medical records were reviewed, from which data of individual variables related to the referral process and treatment were collected. Data were collected by a single trained examiner and analyzed using SPSS software. The main reasons for referral to secondary care were dental caries and pulpal or periapical diseases associated with difficult-to-manage behavior. An absenteeism rate of 28.1% at the first pediatric dental visit and a resolution rate of 65.6% were found. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that each day of waiting for specialized care resulted in a 0.3% of higher chance of absence for appointment. This also increased the chance by 0.7% in child who attended the first visit to complete treatment, suggesting that the waiting time for attendance was associated with absenteeism and resolubility. Public policies that expand providing child dental care in secondary care are recommended to improve access to and resolubility of services.

Integrality, absenteeism and resolubility of specialized care for pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Dental Specialties Centers (CEOs) are clinics representing part of the secondary oral health care system of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Pediatric dentistry is not a requirement for service accreditation. However, the CEO of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (CEO-UFRGS) has provided dental care for children aged 3-11 years since 2017. The utilization rates of health services are influenced by absenteeism. Therefore, evaluation of absences for dental appointments is of primary importance. This study aimed to evaluate referral characteristics, absenteeism, and resolubility of pediatric dentistry appointments at the CEO-UFRGS. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the university and analyzed secondary data from referrals and medical records. From August 2017 to December 2019, 167 referrals and 96 medical records were reviewed, from which data of individual variables related to the referral process and treatment were collected. Data were collected by a single trained examiner and analyzed using SPSS software. The main reasons for referral to secondary care were dental caries and pulpal or periapical diseases associated with difficult-to-manage behavior. An absenteeism rate of 28.1% at the first pediatric dental visit and a resolution rate of 65.6% were found. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that each day of waiting for specialized care resulted in a 0.3% of higher chance of absence for appointment. This also increased the chance by 0.7% in child who attended the first visit to complete treatment, suggesting that the waiting time for attendance was associated with absenteeism and resolubility. Public policies that expand providing child dental care in secondary care are recommended to improve access to and resolubility of services.

Acesso e resolutividade na atenção em saúde bucal na primeira infância: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Access and resolubility in oral health care in early childhood: an integrative literature review

Introdução: A cárie na primeira infância ainda é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, expresso pelas pequenas reduções no índice ceo-d na idade de 5 anos ao longo do tempo. Esse panorama pode refletir dificuldade de acesso e resolutividade nas Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) no que se refere ao aten-dimento odontológico infantil. Objetivo: Este trabalho apre-senta uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o acesso e a resolutividade da atenção em saúde bucal na primeira infância nas RAS do Sistema Único de Saúde Brasileiro. Materiais e métodos: Foram consultadas as bases de dados do Medline/Pubmed, SciELO e Google Scholar e selecionados artigos publicados nos idiomas inglês e português entre 2005 e 2021. Revisão da literatura: Foi observado baixo percentual de uso de serviços odontológicos por crianças em idade pré-escolar, sendo o acesso influenciado por variáveis socioeconômicas e aspectos relacionados aos serviços. Discussão: Adoção da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), realização de busca ativa, inclusão da saúde bucal nas ações programáticas de saúde infantil e adequada comunicação entre os pontos de atenção são fatores positivos ao acesso à saúde bucal. O atendimento odontológico infantil ocorre majoritariamente na atenção básica, havendo pouca expressividade na atenção especia-lizada, porém profissionais generalistas podem apresentar dificuldades em gerir o comportamento infantil durante o atendimento odontológico. Conclusão: Ações de educação permanente em Odontopediatria direcionadas aos profissionais da atenção primária são recomendadas, dada a capilaridade e o caráter familiar desse nível de atenção, porém a inclusão da especialidade de Odontopediatria nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas merece investimento e atenção dos gestores.

Introduction: Early childhood caries is still considered a public health problem in Brazil, detected by small reductions in the 5-year dmf-t index over time. This panorama may reflect difficulties in providing access and resolubility by Health Care Networks (HCN) with regards to children's dental care. Aim: This integra-tive review of the literature presents the access and resolubility of oral health care in early childhood in the HCN of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Mate-rials and methods: The Medline/Pubmed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases were consulted, and articles published in English and Portuguese between 2005 and 2021 were selected. Literature review: A low use rate of dental services by preschool children was observed, and access is influenced by socioeconomic variables and aspects related to services. Discussion: Adoption of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), actively going in search, inclusion of oral health in programmatic actions of children health and proper communication between the points of care are positive factors in the access to oral health services. Children dental care occurs mostly in the primary level, with little expressiveness in specialized care. General practitioners may have difficulties in managing child behavior during dental treatment. Conclusion: Continuing education program in Pediatric Dentistry aiming primary care professionals is recommended, given the capillarity and the familiar pattern of the care level. The inclusion of the Pediatric Dentistry specialty in the Dental Specialties Centers deserves investment and attention from managers.

Sealing of cavitated occlusal carious lesions in the dentine of deciduous molars: a two-year randomised controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This two-arm, parallel-group, tooth-randomised, controlled noninferiority clinical trial aimed to compare survival rates between the sealing and restoring of cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentine [International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) 5] of deciduous molars using resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) and to assess caries progression radiographically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 molars with ICDAS 5 occlusal lesions were randomly allocated into two groups, a sealing group (n = 31), in which RMGIC was placed directly over the carious lesion, and a restoration group (n = 37), in which a restoration with the same material was placed after selective caries removal. During the baseline and follow-up visits, dental caries was registered and caries activity was assessed according to a visuotactile criterion. At baseline, patient caries status (dmf-t) and cavity depth and extent (mesiodistal and buccolingual) were measured before RMGIC placement. An independent and blinded examiner evaluated the treated teeth using the USPHS criteria after one and two years. Standardised interproximal radiographs were taken for caries progression assessments. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, no lesion progression was observed radiographically. After one year (n = 60; 27 sealed and 33 restored) and two years (n = 48; 23 sealed and 25 restored) of follow-up, the treatment success rates were 78.8% and 76.0% in the restoration group and 59.3% and 47.8% in the sealing group, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression showed that lesions smaller than 2 mm in the mesiodistal extent were less prone to fail after one year (p = 0.03). However, survival curves (log-rank test) were statistically significantly different only after two years (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sealing ICDAS 5 occlusal lesions of deciduous molars using RMGIC achieved lower survival rates than restorations. Both sealing and restoration effectively arrested caries progression for two years. Clinical relevance Sealing dentine carious lesions can be effective for treating lesions involving the inner and outer half of the dentine. Ultraconservative treatments can arrest carious lesions presenting obvious cavitation in primary molars. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC Register no. RBR-225n35.

Prevalência da violência contra crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos no município de Porto Alegre de 2017 a 2019 / Prevalence of violence against children, adolescents, women and older adults in the municipality of Porto Alegre from 2017 to 2019 / Prevalencia de violencia contra niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos en Porto Alegre de 2017 a 2019

Este estudo teve o objetivo de delinear o perfil sociodemográfico de crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos que vivenciaram violência no município de Porto Alegre (RS) no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019. Foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa, de abordagem epidemiológica, com recorte dos registros de ocorrência em crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de notificações via Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), disponibilizados pela Equipe de Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas e Agravos Não Transmissíveis da Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. As variáveis analisadas foram: ano de notificação, idade, sexo, cor, se possui alguma deficiência, local da ocorrência, recorrência, tipo de violência, sexo do agressor e encaminhamentos. Foram notificados 8.394 casos. Entre os anos notificados, a maior prevalência ocorreu em 2019, com 42,68%. Foi identificado que 30,34% das notificações referiam-se a vítimas crianças, 22,81% aos adolescentes, 40,65% às mulheres e 6,18% a idosos. A maioria dos casos ocorreu com pessoas brancas (72,49%) e o tipo de violência mais prevalente na notificação foi a tentativa de suicídio, com 29,96%, ocorrida na residência (71,63%). Conclui-se que as notificações de violência contra crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos no município de Porto Alegre aumentaram nos anos de 2017 a 2019.

This study outlines the sociodemographic profile of children, adolescents, women and older adults victim of violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, from January 2017 to December 2019. A quantitative, epidemiological research research focused on records involving children, adolescents, women and older adults was carried out. Data were collected from the notifications registered at the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, made available by the Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Surveillance Team of the Health Surveillance Coordination from the Porto Alegre Municipal Health Department. Year of notification, age, gender, race/ethnicity, place of occurrence, recurrence, type of violence, gender of the aggressor and referrals were the variables analyzed. The search found 8394 cases, with the highest prevalence of notifications reported in 2019 (25.90%). Of these, 30.34% referred to children, 22.81% to adolescents, 40.65% to women, and 6.18% to older adults. Most cases happened to white color (72.49%), by suicide attempt (29.96%) at home (71.63%). In conclusion, reports of violence against children, adolescents, women and older adults in the municipality of Porto Alegre increased from 2017 to 2019.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos que sufrieron violencia en la ciudad de Porto Alegre (Brasil) en el período de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, de enfoque epidemiológico, con destaque de los registros de ocurrencia en niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos. Los datos fueron recolectados de notificaciones realizadas por el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables (Sinan), puestas a disposición por el Equipo de Vigilancia de Enfermedades Crónicas y Enfermedades No Trasmisibles, de la Coordinación General de Vigilancia Sanitaria de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Porto Alegre. Las variables analizadas fueron: año de notificación, edad, sexo, color, si tiene discapacidad, lugar de ocurrencia, reincidencia, tipo de violencia, sexo del agresor y derivaciones. Se reportaron 8.394 casos de violencia, entre los años reportados, la mayor prevalencia ocurrió en 2019 con el 42,68%. El 30,34% de las notificaciones se refería a niños, el 22,81% a adolescentes, el 40,65% a mujeres, y el 6,18% a ancianos. Hubo un predominio de casos en el color blanco (72,49%), el tipo de violencia más prevalente fue el intento de suicidio (29,96%), y el lugar de ocurrencia fue en el propio domicilio (71,63%). Se puede concluir que las denuncias de violencia por parte de niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos de la ciudad de Porto Alegre tuvieron un incremento entre los años 2017 y 2019.

Influence of Isolation Technique on the Survival of Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Restorations in Primary Molars: A 9-Months Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) in deciduous molars using rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation. Material and Methods: Ninety-two patients were included and 200 deciduous molars with cavitated occlusal or occlusoproximal dentin caries lesions were randomized into two groups: cotton rolls (n = 100) and rubber dam (n = 100) and RMGIC restorations were placed. At baseline and in the follow-up visit, presence, severity and activity of caries lesions were registered. Two independent, blinded examiners evaluated the treated teeth clinically using the USPHS criteria and radiographically after 9 months. Descriptive analysis, survival curve (log-rank test) and Cox regression were performed to assess risk factors related to failure. Results: Out of the 179 teeth (92 cotton rolls group and 87 rubber dam group) evaluated at 9-month follow-up period. No lesion progression was observed radiographically. The overall treatment success rate was 85.47% (83.47% for cotton rolls and 87.35 rubber dam group). No significant difference between isolation methods was observed in the log-rank test (p = 0.16). Cox regression showed no risk factors related to failure. Conclusion: No difference was found in the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with RMGIC in deciduous molars using a rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation after a 9-month follow-up period.

Enamel Subsurface Caries-Like Lesions Induced in Human Teeth By Different Solutions: A TMR Analysis.

This study assessed the effectiveness of models for developing subsurface caries lesions in vitro and verified mineral changes by transverse microradiography (TMR). Enamel blocks from permanent (n=5) and deciduous teeth (n=5) were submitted to lesion induction by immersion in demineralizing solutions during 96 h, followed by pH cycles of demineralization (de) and remineralization (re) for 10 days. Two de-/re solutions were tested. Demineralizing solution "A" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid, with pH 4.4 adjusted by 1 M KOH. Demineralizing solution "B" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM NaH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.25 ppmF, with pH 4.5 adjusted by 1M KOH. Solution "A" produced cavitated lesions in permanent teeth, whereas solution "B" led to subsurface lesions in deciduous teeth. Solution "B" was then tested in enamel blocks from permanent teeth (n=5) and subsurface lesions were obtained, so that solution "B" was employed for both substrates, and the blocks were treated with slurries of a fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm F, as NaF, n=5) or a fluoride-free dentifrice (n=5). Solution "B" produced subsurface lesions in permanent and primary teeth of an average (±SD) depth of 88.4µm (±14.3) and 89.3µm (±15.8), respectively. TMR analysis demonstrated that lesions treated with fluoride-free dentifrice had significantly greater mineral loss. This study concluded that solution "B" developed subsurface lesions after pH cycling, and that mineral changes were successfully assessed by TMR.

Enamel subsurface caries-like lesions induced in human teeth by different solutions: a TMR analysis

Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of models for developing subsurface caries lesions in vitro and verified mineral changes by transverse microradiography (TMR). Enamel blocks from permanent (n=5) and deciduous teeth (n=5) were submitted to lesion induction by immersion in demineralizing solutions during 96 h, followed by pH cycles of demineralization (de) and remineralization (re) for 10 days. Two de-/re solutions were tested. Demineralizing solution "A" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid, with pH 4.4 adjusted by 1 M KOH. Demineralizing solution "B" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM NaH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.25 ppmF, with pH 4.5 adjusted by 1M KOH. Solution "A" produced cavitated lesions in permanent teeth, whereas solution "B" led to subsurface lesions in deciduous teeth. Solution "B" was then tested in enamel blocks from permanent teeth (n=5) and subsurface lesions were obtained, so that solution "B" was employed for both substrates, and the blocks were treated with slurries of a fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm F, as NaF, n=5) or a fluoride-free dentifrice (n=5). Solution "B" produced subsurface lesions in permanent and primary teeth of an average (±SD) depth of 88.4µm (±14.3) and 89.3µm (±15.8), respectively. TMR analysis demonstrated that lesions treated with fluoride-free dentifrice had significantly greater mineral loss. This study concluded that solution "B" developed subsurface lesions after pH cycling, and that mineral changes were successfully assessed by TMR.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a efetividade de modelos para o desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie subsuperficiais in vitro e verificou alterações minerais por microradiografia transversal (TMR). Blocos de esmalte de dentes permanentes (n = 5) e decíduos (n = 5) foram submetidos à indução de lesão por imersão em soluções desmineralizadoras durante 96h, seguido de ciclos de pH de desmineralização e remineralização por 10 dias. Duas soluções des-/re foram testadas. A solução desmineralizadora "A" foi composta por 2,2 mM de CaCl2, 2,2 mM de KH2PO4, 0,05 M de ácido acético, com pH de 4,4 ajustado por 1 M de KOH. A solução desmineralizadora "B" foi composta por 2,2 mM de CaCl2, 2,2 mM de NaH2PO4, 0,05 M de ácido acético e 0,25 ppmF, com pH de 4,5 ajustado por 1 M de KOH. A solução "A" produziu lesões cavitadas em dentes permanentes, enquanto a solução "B" apresentou lesões subsuperficiais em dentes decíduos. Portanto, a solução "B" foi posteriormente usada em blocos de esmalte de dentes permanentes (n = 5) e lesões subsuperficiais foram obtidas. Portanto, a solução "B" foi empregada para ambos os substratos, sendo metade deles tratada com dentifrício fluoretado e a outra metade com dentifrício livre de flúor. A solução "B" produziu lesões subsuperficiais de cárie com profundidade de 88.4µm (14.3) em dentes permanentes e com 89.3 µm (15.8) em dentes decíduos e TMR demonstrou que lesões tratadas com dentifrício sem flúor tiveram maior perda mineral. Este estudo concluiu que a solução "B" desenvolveu lesões subsuperficiais após o ciclo de pH e as alterações minerais foram avaliadas com sucesso por TMR.

Atención odontológica a paciente pediatrico con neurofibromatosis tipo 1: relato de caso clínico / Atendimento odontológico de uma criança com neurofibromatose tipo 1: relato de caso clínico / Dental care for a pediatric patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical case report

Resumen Este relato de caso clínico presenta a una niña de 7 años de edad, con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1, que fue atendida en la clínica de Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales de la Facultad de Odontología de la UFRGS. Al examen físico se observó neurofibroma plexiforme que afectaba el párpado superior del ojo derecho, que causaba ptosis, pérdida de visión y asimetría facial. Además, manchas color café con leche y pecas en la piel. Al examen clínico bucal, se observó atresia de la arcada dentaria superior, lesiones de caries dental activas y presencia generalizada de biopelicula microbiana sobre las superfícies dentárias y sangrado gingival. Fueron realizados todos los tratamientos odontológicos necesarios para la paciente, con los cuidados pertinentes. Concluímos que es de extrema importancia que los cirujanos dentistas cuenten con conocimiento sobre la neurofibromatosis y estén preparados para formar parte de equipos transdisciplinarios en salud.

Resumo Este caso clínico apresenta uma menina de 7 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de neurofibromatose tipo 1, que foi levada à clínica de Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais do Hospital de Ensino Odontológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS. Ao exame físico, observou-se que ela apresentava neurofibroma plexiforme acometendo a pálpebra superior do olho direito, provocando ptose, perda da visão e assimetria facial. Também apresentava manchas cor de café com leite e efélides na pele. Ao exame clínico da cavidade bucal, observou-se atresia maxilar, lesões de cárie ativas e presença generalizada de biofilme e sangramento gengival. Foram realizados os tratamentos odontológicos necessários para a paciente, com os devidos cuidados. Concluímos que é de extrema importância o conhecimento da NF1 por parte dos odontólogos e trabalhar com equipe transdisciplinar.

Abstract This clinical case report presents a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 and treated at the Dental Clinic for Patients with Special Needs of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The physical examination revealed a plexiform neurofibroma involving the right upper eyelid and causing ptosis, vision loss, and facial asymmetry. It also showed café-au-lait spots and freckles on the skin. The oral clinical examination showed atresia of the upper dental arch, active dental caries lesions, generalized microbial biofilm on dental surfaces, and gingival bleeding. All the necessary dental treatments were provided with the appropriate care. Dental surgeons need to have knowledge of neurofibromatosis and be prepared to participate in transdisciplinary health teams.

Cariology education for undergraduate Brazilian dental students / Ensino da cariologia para estudantes de graduação em odontologia no Brasil

ABSTRACT This study sought to provide an overview of current cariology education for undergraduate Brazilian dental students. Data collection was via a Portuguese version of a 12-item questionnaire (Schulte et al., 2011) that was sent to all Brazilian dental schools (n = 219). The response rate was 57.0% (n = 125). Of the schools that returned the questionnaire, 84.8% supported the development of a Brazilian cariology curriculum. The units responsible for teaching cariology were predominantly operative dentistry (49.6%), pediatric dentistry (49.6%), dental public health (44.8%), and cariology (32%). Theoretical teaching of cariology (74.4%) and pre-clinical exercises (63.2%) were cited to occur mainly during the second year of the course, while clinical activities were placed in the third (71.2%) and fourth (64.8%) years. Among respondents, 76.8% of the schools included dental erosion and 86.4% included defects of dental hard tissues, such as abrasion, in teaching cariology. This survey was able to determine the panorama of cariology education in Brazil and to detect some differences among Brazilian geographic areas. The promotion of a workshop to discuss the topics that should be taught to undergraduate dental students and the development of a Brazilian core curriculum in cariology would be likely to reduce the differences in teaching cariology in Brazil.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar um panorama do ensino de cariologia nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia no Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma versão em Português Brasileiro de um questionário de 12 itens (Schulte et al., 2011) que foi enviado a todas as faculdades de Odontologia brasileiras (n = 219). A taxa de resposta foi de 57,0% (n = 125). Dentre as faculdades que responderam o questionário, 84,8% apoiam o desenvolvimento de um currículo brasileiro de cariologia. As disciplinas responsáveis por lecionar os conteúdos de cariologia são principalmente dentística (49,6%), odontopediatria (49,6%), saúde bucal coletiva (44,8%), e cariologia (32%). O ensino teórico de cariologia (74,4%) e os exercícios de pré-clínica (63,2%) são abordados principalmente durante o segundo ano do curso, enquanto as atividades clínicas ocorrem, em geral, no terceiro (71,2%) e quarto (64,8%) anos. Dentre os respondentes, 76,8% das faculdades incluem erosão dentária e 86,4% incluem defeitos dos tecidos dentários duros, como abrasão, no ensino da cariologia. Essa pesquisa foi capaz de determinar o panorama do ensino da cariologia no Brasil e detectar algumas diferenças de currículo entre as regiões do país. A promoção de um workshop para discutir os assuntos que devem ser ministrados aos estudantes de graduação em Odontologia e para desenvolver um currículo brasileiro de cariologia seria válida para reduzir as diferenças no ensino de cariologia no Brasil.